There is a heated debate on the recent issue of the harbour reclamation works. Diverse views have been expressed in the community on the legality and scope of the Central reclamation. Phase three of the Central reclamation is one of the two remaining portions of the Central and Wan Chai reclamation, which started in the 1990s. Traffic congestion has all along been a serious problem in the business hub of Central. At present, east-west traffic on the north side of Hong Kong Island relies mainly on the Connaught Road Central/Harcourt Road/Gloucester Road corridor. The government claims that this has reached its capacity, resulting in frequent, serious congestion. The comprehensive traffic study conducted by the government shows that there is an urgent need for a new trunk road, that is, the Central-Wan Chai bypass, and other related road systems to solve the serious congestion problem. As early as May 1998, the Town Planning Board gazetted the Draft Central District (Extension) Outline Zoning Plan, in accordance with the statutory procedure under the Town Planning Ordinance, to allow the public to lodge objections. After consideration of different views and in compliance with the Protection of the Harbour Ordinance, the board decided to reduce substantially the scale of the reclamation, from the original 38 hectares to 23 hectares, opting for the plan with the least reclamation.
However, many of the general public do not agree with the government and think that the harbour is the public¡¦s property and should not be destroyed. Some groups were formed in recent years. For example, "Friends of the Harbour" (FOTH), which was established in September 2003. is a non-profit making group subsidiary to the "Society for the Protection of the Harbour" , which is a registered charity. Some other organizations, such as ¡§Save Our Shorelines¡¨ are also formed. These organizations have some common beliefs, such as that the Victoria Harbour is both locationally and morphologically the centre of Hong Kong, it should be reserved for civic and leisure use by all Hong Kong people and under no circumstances should it be bitten away for commercial developments.
In 1997, the Protection of Harbour Ordinance was passed endorsing principles of protecting the harbour. In 2003, the court ruled against the Town Planning Board on the Wanchai Reclamation Phase two project. However, the Central Reclamation Phase three project was allowed to carry on and the government planned to continue to work on it. This triggered the protest in recent days.
There is mainly three groups of people who are opposed the issue of reclamation, namely environmental activists, the democrats and the general public.
Environmentalists mainly concern about the environmental impacts of the reclamation project. According to Lisa Hopkinson of the ¡§Friends of the harbour¡¨, the relentless increase in population living near the harbour causes serious pollution of the harbour, the dumping of wastes near the harbour increases. In the past, when the harbour is wider, flushing effect of sea water can help to reduce the amount of the waste. However, gradual narrowing of the harbour from reclamation has reduced the flushing action of tides, whilst the number of toilets flushing into the harbour has increased. The result was poor water quality and limited marine life.
Environmentalist also afraid that the loss of natural coastline caused by reclamation will result in a loss of important habitat and shallow feeding areas for many inter-tidal creatures that live in shallow sandy bays or on rocky shorelines. In addition, the reclamation itself requires clean coarse sand, often dredged from different, more pristine parts of the ocean bed, often at the cost of coral and other bottom-dwelling organisms.
The environmentalists¡¦ concerns focus on the possible damage of the natural habitat and the deterioration of water quality. In my opinion, their motivation of complaining the government is correct, because there is no political reasons behind their point of views. Also many of them are professionals in environmental science, they have the knowledge about how reclamation can affect the harbour. However, there is one problem exists, that is, the environmentalists might ignore other aspects of the issue. They may not consider the present need of solving the congestion problem in central. At present, the Connaught Road Central/Harcourt Road/Gloucester Road corridor is operating over its capacity and there is regular traffic congestion during the peak hours. Environmentalists may concern on environment more than problems on the other aspects. It can be misleading if only environmental problem is concerned.
Democrats are also quite active in this issue. Martin Lee Chu-ming says the harbour was worth fighting for and that Hong Kong would be nothing if it were not for Victoria Harbour. However, politicians usually speak for there parties and might want to gain support from the public by opposing government¡¦s policies.
The general public also do not want to lose their harbour. For Hong Kong people, it would be quite sad to see the harbour is narrowing and looks more and more like a river.
The government has its own reason for reclamation. It¡¦s main reason for reclamation is to solve the congestion problem. According to some press releases and statement issued by the government. The government says it has thoroughly considered the presumption against reclamation under the Protection of the Harbour Ordinance. Central is full of buildings. On top of that, the MTR Island line tunnel and other infrastructural facilities are already underground. Therefore, it is impossible to build the bypass on existing land. If a new trunk road has to be built, reclamation is the only solution. The government claims that it has done many studies on other possible solutions to the problem and has already consider the environmental factors before planning the reclamation. However, the government has misled the public for many times. In the past, there were some times that the government proposed the reclamation for meet the public¡¦s needs, but after the reclamation were finished, the government change the use of land. According to ¡¥The Friends of the Harbour¡¦, in West Kowloon Reclamation, the government has promised public park to public, but the area of reclamation has been re-zoned for commercial and cultural development. In Central Reclamation Phase I, the former Central Bus Terminal and Yaumati Ferry Concourse have been re-zoned for commercial development and the bus terminal and ferry concourse will be moved to the new Central Reclamation Phase III. From these unpleasant history. It¡¦s quite hard to believe that the government¡¦s reclamation project is purely for the public¡¦s own good.
In my opinion, Hong Kong is a city renowned for its harbour, the Victoria Harbour is actually a heritage of Hong Kong, there is already many commercial building in Hong Kong, it is not worth to landfill the harbour for any commercial proposes. Landfill that small area does not do much benefits to Hong Kong, but the harm is unaffordable for us. Victoria Harbour is a world-class waterfront. It be returned to its people.
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